[:es]
La Biblia – El Nuevo Testamento
Evangelio según San Lucas
Índice de capítulos
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Capítulo 2
1 En aquella época apareció un decreto del emperador Augusto, ordenando que se realizara un censo en todo el mundo.
2 Este primer censo tuvo lugar cuando Quirino gobernaba la Siria.
3 Y cada uno iba a inscribirse a su ciudad de origen.
4 José, que pertenecía a la familia de David, salió de Nazaret, ciudad de Galilea, y se dirigió a Belén de Judea, la ciudad de David,
5 para inscribirse con María, su esposa, que estaba embarazada.
6 Mientras se encontraban en Belén, le llegó el tiempo de ser madre;
7 y María dio a luz a su Hijo primogénito, lo envolvió en pañales y lo acostó en un pesebre, porque no había lugar para ellos en el albergue.
8 En esa región acampaban unos pastores, que vigilaban por turno sus rebaños durante la noche.
9 De pronto, se les apareció el Angel del Señor y la gloria del Señor los envolvió con su luz. Ellos sintieron un gran temor,
10 pero el Angel les dijo: «No teman, porque les traigo una buena noticia, una gran alegría para todo el pueblo:
11 Hoy, en la ciudad de David, les ha nacido un Salvador, que es el Mesías, el Señor.
12 Y esto les servirá de señal: encontrarán a un niño recién nacido envuelto en pañales y acostado en un pesebre».
13 Y junto con el Angel, apareció de pronto una multitud del ejército celestial, que alababa a Dios, diciendo:
14 ¡Gloria a Dios en las alturas, y en la tierra, paz a los hombres amados por él».
15 Después que los ángeles volvieron al cielo, los pastores se decían unos a otros: «Vayamos a Belén, y veamos lo que ha sucedido y que el Señor nos ha anunciado».
16 Fueron rápidamente y encontraron a María, a José, y al recién nacido acostado en el pesebre.
17 Al verlo, contaron lo que habían oído decir sobre este niño,
18 y todos los que los escuchaban quedaron admirados de que decían los pastores.
19 Mientras tanto, María conservaba estas cosas y las meditaba en su corazón.
20 Y los pastores volvieron, alabando y glorificando a Dios por todo lo que habían visto y oído, conforme al anuncio que habían recibido.
21 Ocho días después, llegó el tiempo de circuncidar al niño y se el puso el nombre de Jesús, nombre que le había sido dado por el Angel antes de su concepción.
22 Cuando llegó el día fijado por la Ley de Moisés para la purificación, llevaron al niño a Jerusalén para presentarlo al Señor,
23 como está escrito en la Ley: “Todo varón primogénito será consagrado al Señor”.
24 También debían ofrecer un sacrificio un par de tórtolas o de pichones de paloma, como ordena la Ley del Señor.
25 Vivía entonces en Jerusalén un hombre llamado Simeón, que era justo y piadoso, y esperaba el consuelo de Israel. El Espíritu Santo estaba en él
26 y le había revelado que no moriría antes de ver al Mesías del Señor.
27 Conducido por el mismo Espíritu, fue al Templo, y cuando los padres de Jesús llevaron al niño para cumplir con él las prescripciones de la Ley,
28 Angel lo tomó en sus brazos y alabó a Dios, diciendo:
29 «Ahora, Señor, puedes dejar que tu servidor muera en paz, como lo has prometido,
30 porque mis ojos han visto la salvación
31 que preparaste delante de todos los pueblos:
32 luz para iluminar a las naciones paganas y gloria de tu pueblo Israel».
33 Su padre y su madre estaban admirados por lo que oían decir de él.
34 Simeón, después de bendecirlos, dijo a María, la madre: «Este niño será causa de caída y de elevación para muchos en Israel; será signo de contradicción,
35 y a ti misma una espada te atravesará el corazón. Así se manifestarán claramente los pensamientos íntimos de muchos».
36 Había también allí una profetisa llamada Ana, hija de Fanuel, de la familia de Aser, mujer ya entrada en años, que, casa en su juventud, había vivido siete años con su marido.
37 Desde entonces había permanecido viuda, y tenía ochenta y cuatro años. No se apartaba del Templo, sirviendo a Dios noche y día con ayunos y oraciones.
38 Se presentó en ese mismo momento y se puso a dar gracias a Dios. Y hablaba acerca del niño a todos los que esperaban la redención de Jerusalén.
39 Después de cumplir todo lo que ordenaba la Ley del Señor, volvieron a su ciudad de Nazaret, en Galilea.
40 El niño iba creciendo y se fortalecía, lleno de sabiduría, y la gracia de Dios estaba con él.
41 Sus padres iban todos los años a Jerusalén en la fiesta de la Pascua.
42 Cuando el niño cumplió doce años, subieron como de costumbre,
43 y acababa la fiesta, María y José regresaron, pero Jesús permaneció en Jerusalén sin que ellos se dieran cuenta.
44 Creyendo que estaba en la caravana, caminaron todo un día y después comenzaron a buscarlo entre los parientes y conocidos.
45 Como no lo encontraron, volvieron a Jerusalén en busca de él.
46 Al tercer día, lo hallaron en el Templo en medio de los doctores de la Ley, escuchándolos y haciéndoles preguntas.
47 Y todos los que los oían estaban asombrados de su inteligencia y sus respuestas.
48 Al ver, sus padres quedaron maravillados y su madre le dijo: «Hijo mío, ¿por qué nos has hecho esto? Piensa que tu padre y yo te buscábamos angustiados».
49 Jesús les respondió: «¿Por qué me buscaban? ¿No sabían que yo debo ocuparme de los asuntos de mi Padre?».
50 Ellos no entendieron lo que les decía.
51 El regresó con sus padres a Nazaret y vivía sujeto a ellos. Su madre conservaba estas cosas en su corazón.
52 Jesús iba creciendo en sabiduría, en estatura y en gracia, delante de Dios y de los hombres.
Índice
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Con la colaboración de :
[:en]
The Bible – New Testament
Saint Luke
Index
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Chapter 2
1
1 In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus 2 that the whole world should be enrolled.
2
This was the first enrollment, when Quirinius was governor of Syria.
3
So all went to be enrolled, each to his own town.
4
And Joseph too went up from Galilee from the town of Nazareth to Judea, to the city of David that is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David,
5
to be enrolled with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child.
6
While they were there, the time came for her to have her child,
7
and she gave birth to her firstborn son. 3 She wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
8
4 Now there were shepherds in that region living in the fields and keeping the night watch over their flock.
9
The angel of the Lord appeared to them and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were struck with great fear.
10
The angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for behold, I proclaim to you good news of great joy that will be for all the people.
11
5 For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Messiah and Lord.
12
And this will be a sign for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.”
13
And suddenly there was a multitude of the heavenly host with the angel, praising God and saying:
14
6 “Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.”
15
When the angels went away from them to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go, then, to Bethlehem to see this thing that has taken place, which the Lord has made known to us.”
16
So they went in haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the infant lying in the manger.
17
When they saw this, they made known the message that had been told them about this child.
18
All who heard it were amazed by what had been told them by the shepherds.
19
And Mary kept all these things, reflecting on them in her heart.
20
Then the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, just as it had been told to them.
21
When eight days were completed for his circumcision, 7 he was named Jesus, the name given him by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
22
8 When the days were completed for their purification 9 according to the law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord,
23
just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb shall be consecrated to the Lord,”
24
and to offer the sacrifice of “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons,” in accordance with the dictate in the law of the Lord.
25
Now there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, awaiting the consolation of Israel, 10 and the holy Spirit was upon him.
26
It had been revealed to him by the holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Messiah of the Lord.
27
He came in the Spirit into the temple; and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to perform the custom of the law in regard to him,
28
he took him into his arms and blessed God, saying:
29
“Now, Master, you may let your servant go in peace, according to your word,
30
for my eyes have seen your salvation,
31
which you prepared in sight of all the peoples,
32
a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and glory for your people Israel.”
33
The child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him;
34
and Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, “Behold, this child is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradicted
35
(and you yourself a sword will pierce) 11 so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.”
36
There was also a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived seven years with her husband after her marriage,
37
and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She never left the temple, but worshiped night and day with fasting and prayer.
38
And coming forward at that very time, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem.
39
When they had fulfilled all the prescriptions of the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.
40
The child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom; and the favor of God was upon him.
41
12 Each year his parents went to Jerusalem for the feast of Passover,
42
and when he was twelve years old, they went up according to festival custom.
43
After they had completed its days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, but his parents did not know it.
44
Thinking that he was in the caravan, they journeyed for a day and looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances,
45
but not finding him, they returned to Jerusalem to look for him.
46
After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions,
47
and all who heard him were astounded at his understanding and his answers.
48
When his parents saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, “Son, why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety.”
49
And he said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 13
50
But they did not understand what he said to them.
51
He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them; and his mother kept all these things in her heart.
52
And Jesus advanced (in) wisdom and age and favor before God and man.
1 [1-2] Although universal registrations of Roman citizens are attested in 28 B.C., 8 B.C., and A.D. 14 and enrollments in individual provinces of those who are not Roman citizens are also attested, such a universal census of the Roman world under Caesar Augustus is unknown outside the New Testament. Moreover, there are notorious historical problems connected with Luke’s dating the census when Quirinius was governor of Syria, and the various attempts to resolve the difficulties have proved unsuccessful. P. Sulpicius Quirinius became legate of the province of Syria in A.D. 6-7 when Judea was annexed to the province of Syria. At that time, a provincial census of Judea was taken up. If Quirinius had been legate of Syria previously, it would have to have been before 10 B.C. because the various legates of Syria from 10 B.C. to 4 B.C. (the death of Herod) are known, and such a dating for an earlier census under Quirinius would create additional problems for dating the beginning of Jesus’ ministry (⇒ Luke 3:1, ⇒ 23). A previous legateship after 4 B.C. (and before A.D. 6) would not fit with the dating of Jesus’ birth in the days of Herod (⇒ Luke 1:5; ⇒ Matthew 2:1). Luke may simply be combining Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem with his vague recollection of a census under Quirinius (see also ⇒ Acts 5:37) to underline the significance of this birth for the whole Roman world: through this child born in Bethlehem peace and salvation come to the empire.
2 [1] Caesar Augustus: the reign of the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus is usually dated from 27 B.C. to his death in A.D. 14. According to Greek inscriptions, Augustus was regarded in the Roman Empire as “savior” and “god,” and he was credited with establishing a time of peace, the pax Augusta, throughout the Roman world during his long reign. It is not by chance that Luke relates the birth of Jesus to the time of Caesar Augustus: the real savior (⇒ Luke 2:11) and peace-bearer (⇒ Luke 2:14; see also ⇒ Luke 19:38) is the child born in Bethlehem. The great emperor is simply God’s agent (like the Persian king Cyrus in ⇒ Isaiah 44:28-⇒ 45:1) who provides the occasion for God’s purposes to be accomplished. The whole world: that is, the whole Roman world: Rome, Italy, and the Roman provinces.
3 [7] Firstborn son: the description of Jesus as firstborn son does not necessarily mean that Mary had other sons. It is a legal description indicating that Jesus possessed the rights and privileges of the firstborn son (Genesis 27; ⇒ Exodus 13:2; ⇒Numbers 3:12-13; ⇒ 18:15-16; ⇒ Deut 21:15-17). See the notes on ⇒ Matthew 1:25; ⇒ Mark 6:3. Wrapped him in swaddling clothes: there may be an allusion here to the birth of another descendant of David, his son Solomon, who though a great king was wrapped in swaddling clothes like any other infant (⇒ Wisdom 7:4-6). Laid him in a manger: a feeding trough for animals. A possible allusion to ⇒ Isaiah 1:3 LXX.
4 [8-20] The announcement of Jesus’ birth to the shepherds is in keeping with Luke’s theme that the lowly are singled out as the recipients of God’s favors and blessings (see also ⇒ Luke 1:48, ⇒ 52).
5 [11] The basic message of the infancy narrative is contained in the angel’s announcement: this child is savior, Messiah, and Lord. Luke is the only synoptic gospel writer to use the title savior for Jesus (⇒ Luke 2:11; ⇒ Acts 5:31; ⇒ 13:23; see also ⇒ Luke 1:69; ⇒ 19:9; ⇒ Acts 4:12). As savior, Jesus is looked upon by Luke as the one who rescues humanity from sin and delivers humanity from the condition of alienation from God. The title christos, “Christ,” is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew masiah, “Messiah,” “anointed one.” Among certain groups in first-century Palestinian Judaism, the title was applied to an expected royal leader from the line of David who would restore the kingdom to Israel (see ⇒ Acts 1:6). The political overtones of the title are played down in Luke and instead the Messiah of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:26) or the Lord’s anointed is the one who now brings salvation to all humanity, Jew and Gentile (⇒ Luke 2:29-32). Lord is the most frequently used title for Jesus in Luke and Acts. In the New Testament it is also applied to Yahweh, as it is in the Old Testament. When used of Jesus it points to his transcendence and dominion over humanity.
6 [14] On earth peace to those on whom his favor rests: the peace that results from the Christ event is for those whom God has favored with his grace. This reading is found in the oldest representatives of the Western and Alexandrian text traditions and is the preferred one; the Byzantine text tradition, on the other hand, reads: “on earth peace, good will toward men.” The peace of which Luke’s gospel speaks (⇒ Luke 2:14; ⇒ 7:50; ⇒ 8:48; ⇒ 10:5-6; ⇒ 19:38, ⇒ 42; ⇒ 24:36) is more than the absence of war of the pax Augusta; it also includes the security and well-being characteristic of peace in the Old Testament.
7 [21] Just as John before him had been incorporated into the people of Israel through his circumcision, so too this child (see the note on ⇒ Luke 1:57-66).
8 [22-40] The presentation of Jesus in the temple depicts the parents of Jesus as devout Jews, faithful observers of the law of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:23-24, ⇒ 39), i.e., the law of Moses. In this respect, they are described in a fashion similar to the parents of John (⇒ Luke 1:6) and Simeon (⇒ Luke 2:25) and Anna (⇒ Luke 2:36-37).
9 [2] Their purification: syntactically, their must refer to Mary and Joseph, even though the Mosaic law never mentions the purification of the husband. Recognizing the problem, some Western scribes have altered the text to read “his purification,” understanding the presentation of Jesus in the temple as a form of purification; the Vulgate version has a Latin form that could be either “his” or “her.” According to the Mosaic law (⇒ Lev 12:2-8), the woman who gives birth to a boy is unable for forty days to touch anything sacred or to enter the temple area by reason of her legal impurity. At the end of this period she is required to offer a year-old lamb as a burnt offering and a turtledove or young pigeon as an expiation of sin. The woman who could not afford a lamb offered instead two turtledoves or two young pigeons, as Mary does here. They took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord: as the firstborn son (⇒ Luke 2:7) Jesus was consecrated to the Lord as the law required (⇒ Exodus 13:2, ⇒ 12), but there was no requirement that this be done at the temple. The concept of a presentation at the temple is probably derived from ⇒ 1 Sam 1:24-28, where Hannah offers the child Samuel for sanctuary services. The law further stipulated (⇒ Numbers 3:47-48) that the firstborn son should be redeemed by the parents through their payment of five shekels to a member of a priestly family. About this legal requirement Luke is silent.
10 [25] Awaiting the consolation of Israel: Simeon here and later Anna who speak about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem represent the hopes and expectations of faithful and devout Jews who at this time were looking forward to the restoration of God’s rule in Israel. The birth of Jesus brings these hopes to fulfillment.
11 [35] (And you yourself a sword will pierce): Mary herself will not be untouched by the various reactions to the role of Jesus (34). Her blessedness as mother of the Lord will be challenged by her son who describes true blessedness as “hearing the word of God and observing it” (⇒ Luke 11:27-28 and ⇒ Luke 8:20-21).
12 [41-52] This story’s concern with an incident from Jesus’ youth is unique in the canonical gospel tradition. It presents Jesus in the role of the faithful Jewish boy, raised in the traditions of Israel, and fulfilling all that the law requires. With this episode, the infancy narrative ends just as it began, in the setting of the Jerusalem temple.
13 [49] I must be in my Father’s house: this phrase can also be translated, “I must be about my Father’s work.” In either translation, Jesus refers to God as his Father. His divine sonship, and his obedience to his heavenly Father’s will, take precedence over his ties to his family.
Índex
9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
Con la colaboración de :
[:zh]
Luke
Chapter 2
1
1 In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus 2 that the whole world should be enrolled.
2
This was the first enrollment, when Quirinius was governor of Syria.
3
So all went to be enrolled, each to his own town.
4
And Joseph too went up from Galilee from the town of Nazareth to Judea, to the city of David that is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David,
5
to be enrolled with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child.
6
While they were there, the time came for her to have her child,
7
and she gave birth to her firstborn son. 3 She wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
8
4 Now there were shepherds in that region living in the fields and keeping the night watch over their flock.
9
The angel of the Lord appeared to them and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were struck with great fear.
10
The angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for behold, I proclaim to you good news of great joy that will be for all the people.
11
5 For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Messiah and Lord.
12
And this will be a sign for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.”
13
And suddenly there was a multitude of the heavenly host with the angel, praising God and saying:
14
6 “Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.”
15
When the angels went away from them to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go, then, to Bethlehem to see this thing that has taken place, which the Lord has made known to us.”
16
So they went in haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the infant lying in the manger.
17
When they saw this, they made known the message that had been told them about this child.
18
All who heard it were amazed by what had been told them by the shepherds.
19
And Mary kept all these things, reflecting on them in her heart.
20
Then the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, just as it had been told to them.
21
When eight days were completed for his circumcision, 7 he was named Jesus, the name given him by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
22
8 When the days were completed for their purification 9 according to the law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord,
23
just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb shall be consecrated to the Lord,”
24
and to offer the sacrifice of “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons,” in accordance with the dictate in the law of the Lord.
25
Now there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, awaiting the consolation of Israel, 10 and the holy Spirit was upon him.
26
It had been revealed to him by the holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Messiah of the Lord.
27
He came in the Spirit into the temple; and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to perform the custom of the law in regard to him,
28
he took him into his arms and blessed God, saying:
29
“Now, Master, you may let your servant go in peace, according to your word,
30
for my eyes have seen your salvation,
31
which you prepared in sight of all the peoples,
32
a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and glory for your people Israel.”
33
The child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him;
34
and Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, “Behold, this child is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradicted
35
(and you yourself a sword will pierce) 11 so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.”
36
There was also a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived seven years with her husband after her marriage,
37
and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She never left the temple, but worshiped night and day with fasting and prayer.
38
And coming forward at that very time, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem.
39
When they had fulfilled all the prescriptions of the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.
40
The child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom; and the favor of God was upon him.
41
12 Each year his parents went to Jerusalem for the feast of Passover,
42
and when he was twelve years old, they went up according to festival custom.
43
After they had completed its days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, but his parents did not know it.
44
Thinking that he was in the caravan, they journeyed for a day and looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances,
45
but not finding him, they returned to Jerusalem to look for him.
46
After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions,
47
and all who heard him were astounded at his understanding and his answers.
48
When his parents saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, “Son, why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety.”
49
And he said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 13
50
But they did not understand what he said to them.
51
He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them; and his mother kept all these things in her heart.
52
And Jesus advanced (in) wisdom and age and favor before God and man.
Luke
1 [1-2] Although universal registrations of Roman citizens are attested in 28 B.C., 8 B.C., and A.D. 14 and enrollments in individual provinces of those who are not Roman citizens are also attested, such a universal census of the Roman world under Caesar Augustus is unknown outside the New Testament. Moreover, there are notorious historical problems connected with Luke’s dating the census when Quirinius was governor of Syria, and the various attempts to resolve the difficulties have proved unsuccessful. P. Sulpicius Quirinius became legate of the province of Syria in A.D. 6-7 when Judea was annexed to the province of Syria. At that time, a provincial census of Judea was taken up. If Quirinius had been legate of Syria previously, it would have to have been before 10 B.C. because the various legates of Syria from 10 B.C. to 4 B.C. (the death of Herod) are known, and such a dating for an earlier census under Quirinius would create additional problems for dating the beginning of Jesus’ ministry (⇒ Luke 3:1, ⇒ 23). A previous legateship after 4 B.C. (and before A.D. 6) would not fit with the dating of Jesus’ birth in the days of Herod (⇒ Luke 1:5; ⇒ Matthew 2:1). Luke may simply be combining Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem with his vague recollection of a census under Quirinius (see also ⇒ Acts 5:37) to underline the significance of this birth for the whole Roman world: through this child born in Bethlehem peace and salvation come to the empire.
2 [1] Caesar Augustus: the reign of the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus is usually dated from 27 B.C. to his death in A.D. 14. According to Greek inscriptions, Augustus was regarded in the Roman Empire as “savior” and “god,” and he was credited with establishing a time of peace, the pax Augusta, throughout the Roman world during his long reign. It is not by chance that Luke relates the birth of Jesus to the time of Caesar Augustus: the real savior (⇒ Luke 2:11) and peace-bearer (⇒ Luke 2:14; see also ⇒ Luke 19:38) is the child born in Bethlehem. The great emperor is simply God’s agent (like the Persian king Cyrus in ⇒ Isaiah 44:28-⇒ 45:1) who provides the occasion for God’s purposes to be accomplished. The whole world: that is, the whole Roman world: Rome, Italy, and the Roman provinces.
3 [7] Firstborn son: the description of Jesus as firstborn son does not necessarily mean that Mary had other sons. It is a legal description indicating that Jesus possessed the rights and privileges of the firstborn son (Genesis 27; ⇒ Exodus 13:2; ⇒Numbers 3:12-13; ⇒ 18:15-16; ⇒ Deut 21:15-17). See the notes on ⇒ Matthew 1:25; ⇒ Mark 6:3. Wrapped him in swaddling clothes: there may be an allusion here to the birth of another descendant of David, his son Solomon, who though a great king was wrapped in swaddling clothes like any other infant (⇒ Wisdom 7:4-6). Laid him in a manger: a feeding trough for animals. A possible allusion to ⇒ Isaiah 1:3 LXX.
4 [8-20] The announcement of Jesus’ birth to the shepherds is in keeping with Luke’s theme that the lowly are singled out as the recipients of God’s favors and blessings (see also ⇒ Luke 1:48, ⇒ 52).
5 [11] The basic message of the infancy narrative is contained in the angel’s announcement: this child is savior, Messiah, and Lord. Luke is the only synoptic gospel writer to use the title savior for Jesus (⇒ Luke 2:11; ⇒ Acts 5:31; ⇒ 13:23; see also ⇒ Luke 1:69; ⇒ 19:9; ⇒ Acts 4:12). As savior, Jesus is looked upon by Luke as the one who rescues humanity from sin and delivers humanity from the condition of alienation from God. The title christos, “Christ,” is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew masiah, “Messiah,” “anointed one.” Among certain groups in first-century Palestinian Judaism, the title was applied to an expected royal leader from the line of David who would restore the kingdom to Israel (see ⇒ Acts 1:6). The political overtones of the title are played down in Luke and instead the Messiah of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:26) or the Lord’s anointed is the one who now brings salvation to all humanity, Jew and Gentile (⇒ Luke 2:29-32). Lord is the most frequently used title for Jesus in Luke and Acts. In the New Testament it is also applied to Yahweh, as it is in the Old Testament. When used of Jesus it points to his transcendence and dominion over humanity.
6 [14] On earth peace to those on whom his favor rests: the peace that results from the Christ event is for those whom God has favored with his grace. This reading is found in the oldest representatives of the Western and Alexandrian text traditions and is the preferred one; the Byzantine text tradition, on the other hand, reads: “on earth peace, good will toward men.” The peace of which Luke’s gospel speaks (⇒ Luke 2:14; ⇒ 7:50; ⇒ 8:48; ⇒ 10:5-6; ⇒ 19:38, ⇒ 42; ⇒ 24:36) is more than the absence of war of the pax Augusta; it also includes the security and well-being characteristic of peace in the Old Testament.
7 [21] Just as John before him had been incorporated into the people of Israel through his circumcision, so too this child (see the note on ⇒ Luke 1:57-66).
8 [22-40] The presentation of Jesus in the temple depicts the parents of Jesus as devout Jews, faithful observers of the law of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:23-24, ⇒ 39), i.e., the law of Moses. In this respect, they are described in a fashion similar to the parents of John (⇒ Luke 1:6) and Simeon (⇒ Luke 2:25) and Anna (⇒ Luke 2:36-37).
9 [2] Their purification: syntactically, their must refer to Mary and Joseph, even though the Mosaic law never mentions the purification of the husband. Recognizing the problem, some Western scribes have altered the text to read “his purification,” understanding the presentation of Jesus in the temple as a form of purification; the Vulgate version has a Latin form that could be either “his” or “her.” According to the Mosaic law (⇒ Lev 12:2-8), the woman who gives birth to a boy is unable for forty days to touch anything sacred or to enter the temple area by reason of her legal impurity. At the end of this period she is required to offer a year-old lamb as a burnt offering and a turtledove or young pigeon as an expiation of sin. The woman who could not afford a lamb offered instead two turtledoves or two young pigeons, as Mary does here. They took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord: as the firstborn son (⇒ Luke 2:7) Jesus was consecrated to the Lord as the law required (⇒ Exodus 13:2, ⇒ 12), but there was no requirement that this be done at the temple. The concept of a presentation at the temple is probably derived from ⇒ 1 Sam 1:24-28, where Hannah offers the child Samuel for sanctuary services. The law further stipulated (⇒ Numbers 3:47-48) that the firstborn son should be redeemed by the parents through their payment of five shekels to a member of a priestly family. About this legal requirement Luke is silent.
10 [25] Awaiting the consolation of Israel: Simeon here and later Anna who speak about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem represent the hopes and expectations of faithful and devout Jews who at this time were looking forward to the restoration of God’s rule in Israel. The birth of Jesus brings these hopes to fulfillment.
11 [35] (And you yourself a sword will pierce): Mary herself will not be untouched by the various reactions to the role of Jesus (34). Her blessedness as mother of the Lord will be challenged by her son who describes true blessedness as “hearing the word of God and observing it” (⇒ Luke 11:27-28 and ⇒ Luke 8:20-21).
12 [41-52] This story’s concern with an incident from Jesus’ youth is unique in the canonical gospel tradition. It presents Jesus in the role of the faithful Jewish boy, raised in the traditions of Israel, and fulfilling all that the law requires. With this episode, the infancy narrative ends just as it began, in the setting of the Jerusalem temple.
13 [49] I must be in my Father’s house: this phrase can also be translated, “I must be about my Father’s work.” In either translation, Jesus refers to God as his Father. His divine sonship, and his obedience to his heavenly Father’s will, take precedence over his ties to his family.
Con la colaboración de :
[:it]
Vangelo secondo Luca
Capitolo 2
[1] In quei giorni un decreto di Cesare Augusto ordinò che si facesse il censimento di tutta la terra.
[2] Questo primo censimento fu fatto quando era governatore della Siria Quirinio.
[3] Andavano tutti a farsi registrare, ciascuno nella sua città.
[4] Anche Giuseppe, che era della casa e della famiglia di Davide, dalla città di Nazaret e dalla Galilea salì in Giudea alla città di Davide, chiamata Betlemme,
[5] per farsi registrare insieme con Maria sua sposa, che era incinta.
[6] Ora, mentre si trovavano in quel luogo, si compirono per lei i giorni del parto.
[7] Diede alla luce il suo figlio primogenito, lo avvolse in fasce e lo depose in una mangiatoia, perché non c’era posto per loro nell’albergo.
[8] C’erano in quella regione alcuni pastori che vegliavano di notte facendo la guardia al loro gregge.
[9] Un angelo del Signore si presentò davanti a loro e la gloria del Signore li avvolse di luce. Essi furono presi da grande spavento,
[10] ma l’angelo disse loro: “Non temete, ecco vi annunzio una grande gioia, che sarà di tutto il popolo:
[11] oggi vi è nato nella città di Davide un salvatore, che è il Cristo Signore.
[12] Questo per voi il segno: troverete un bambino avvolto in fasce, che giace in una mangiatoia”.
[13] E subito apparve con l’angelo una moltitudine dell’esercito celeste che lodava Dio e diceva:
[14] “Gloria a Dio nel più alto dei cieli
e pace in terra agli uomini che egli ama”.
[15] Appena gli angeli si furono allontanati per tornare al cielo, i pastori dicevano fra loro: “Andiamo fino a Betlemme, vediamo questo avvenimento che il Signore ci ha fatto conoscere”.
[16] Andarono dunque senz’indugio e trovarono Maria e Giuseppe e il bambino, che giaceva nella mangiatoia.
[17] E dopo averlo visto, riferirono ciò che del bambino era stato detto loro.
[18] Tutti quelli che udirono, si stupirono delle cose che i pastori dicevano.
[19] Maria, da parte sua, serbava tutte queste cose meditandole nel suo cuore.
[20] I pastori poi se ne tornarono, glorificando e lodando Dio per tutto quello che avevano udito e visto, com’era stato detto loro.
[21] Quando furon passati gli otto giorni prescritti per la circoncisione, gli fu messo nome Gesù, come era stato chiamato dall’angelo prima di essere concepito nel grembo della madre.
[22] Quando venne il tempo della loro purificazione secondo la Legge di Mosè, portarono il bambino a Gerusalemme per offrirlo al Signore,
[23] come è scritto nella Legge del Signore: ogni maschio primogenito sarà sacro al Signore;
[24] e per offrire in sacrificio una coppia di tortore o di giovani colombi, come prescrive la Legge del Signore.
[25] Ora a Gerusalemme c’era un uomo di nome Simeone, uomo giusto e timorato di Dio, che aspettava il conforto d’Israele;
[26] lo Spirito Santo che era sopra di lui, gli aveva preannunziato che non avrebbe visto la morte senza prima aver veduto il Messia del Signore.
[27] Mosso dunque dallo Spirito, si recò al tempio; e mentre i genitori vi portavano il bambino Gesù per adempiere la Legge,
[28] lo prese tra le braccia e benedisse Dio:
[29] “Ora lascia, o Signore, che il tuo servo
vada in pace secondo la tua parola;
[30] perché i miei occhi han visto la tua salvezza,
[31] preparata da te davanti a tutti i popoli,
[32] luce per illuminare le genti
e gloria del tuo popolo Israele”.
[33] Il padre e la madre di Gesù si stupivano delle cose che si dicevano di lui.
[34] Simeone li benedisse e parlò a Maria, sua madre: “Egli è qui per la rovina e la risurrezione di molti in Israele, segno di contraddizione
[35] perché siano svelati i pensieri di molti cuori. E anche a te una spada trafiggerà l’anima”.
[36] C’era anche una profetessa, Anna, figlia di Fanuèle, della tribù di Aser. Era molto avanzata in età, aveva vissuto col marito sette anni dal tempo in cui era ragazza,
[37] era poi rimasta vedova e ora aveva ottantaquattro anni. Non si allontanava mai dal tempio, servendo Dio notte e giorno con digiuni e preghiere.
[38] Sopraggiunta in quel momento, si mise anche lei a lodare Dio e parlava del bambino a quanti aspettavano la redenzione di Gerusalemme.
[39] Quando ebbero tutto compiuto secondo la legge del Signore, fecero ritorno in Galilea, alla loro città di Nazaret.
[40] Il bambino cresceva e si fortificava, pieno di sapienza, e la grazia di Dio era sopra di lui.
[41] I suoi genitori si recavano tutti gli anni a Gerusalemme per la festa di Pasqua.
[42] Quando egli ebbe dodici anni, vi salirono di nuovo secondo l’usanza;
[43] ma trascorsi i giorni della festa, mentre riprendevano la via del ritorno, il fanciullo Gesù rimase a Gerusalemme, senza che i genitori se ne accorgessero.
[44] Credendolo nella carovana, fecero una giornata di viaggio, e poi si misero a cercarlo tra i parenti e i conoscenti;
[45] non avendolo trovato, tornarono in cerca di lui a Gerusalemme.
[46] Dopo tre giorni lo trovarono nel tempio, seduto in mezzo ai dottori, mentre li ascoltava e li interrogava.
[47] E tutti quelli che l’udivano erano pieni di stupore per la sua intelligenza e le sue risposte.
[48] Al vederlo restarono stupiti e sua madre gli disse: “Figlio, perché ci hai fatto così? Ecco, tuo padre e io, angosciati, ti cercavamo”.
[49] Ed egli rispose: “Perché mi cercavate? Non sapevate che io devo occuparmi delle cose del Padre mio?”.
[50] Ma essi non compresero le sue parole.
[51] Partì dunque con loro e tornò a Nazaret e stava loro sottomesso. Sua madre serbava tutte queste cose nel suo cuore.
[52] E Gesù cresceva in sapienza, età e grazia davanti a Dio e agli uomini.
Con la colaboración de :
[:pt]
Luke
Chapter 2
Audio Español Latino:Mary Luz Valderrama
1
1 In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus 2 that the whole world should be enrolled.
2
This was the first enrollment, when Quirinius was governor of Syria.
3
So all went to be enrolled, each to his own town.
4
And Joseph too went up from Galilee from the town of Nazareth to Judea, to the city of David that is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David,
5
to be enrolled with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child.
6
While they were there, the time came for her to have her child,
7
and she gave birth to her firstborn son. 3 She wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
8
4 Now there were shepherds in that region living in the fields and keeping the night watch over their flock.
9
The angel of the Lord appeared to them and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were struck with great fear.
10
The angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for behold, I proclaim to you good news of great joy that will be for all the people.
11
5 For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Messiah and Lord.
12
And this will be a sign for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.”
13
And suddenly there was a multitude of the heavenly host with the angel, praising God and saying:
14
6 “Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.”
15
When the angels went away from them to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go, then, to Bethlehem to see this thing that has taken place, which the Lord has made known to us.”
16
So they went in haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the infant lying in the manger.
17
When they saw this, they made known the message that had been told them about this child.
18
All who heard it were amazed by what had been told them by the shepherds.
19
And Mary kept all these things, reflecting on them in her heart.
20
Then the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, just as it had been told to them.
21
When eight days were completed for his circumcision, 7 he was named Jesus, the name given him by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
22
8 When the days were completed for their purification 9 according to the law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord,
23
just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb shall be consecrated to the Lord,”
24
and to offer the sacrifice of “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons,” in accordance with the dictate in the law of the Lord.
25
Now there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, awaiting the consolation of Israel, 10 and the holy Spirit was upon him.
26
It had been revealed to him by the holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Messiah of the Lord.
27
He came in the Spirit into the temple; and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to perform the custom of the law in regard to him,
28
he took him into his arms and blessed God, saying:
29
“Now, Master, you may let your servant go in peace, according to your word,
30
for my eyes have seen your salvation,
31
which you prepared in sight of all the peoples,
32
a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and glory for your people Israel.”
33
The child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him;
34
and Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, “Behold, this child is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradicted
35
(and you yourself a sword will pierce) 11 so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.”
36
There was also a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived seven years with her husband after her marriage,
37
and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She never left the temple, but worshiped night and day with fasting and prayer.
38
And coming forward at that very time, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem.
39
When they had fulfilled all the prescriptions of the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.
40
The child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom; and the favor of God was upon him.
41
12 Each year his parents went to Jerusalem for the feast of Passover,
42
and when he was twelve years old, they went up according to festival custom.
43
After they had completed its days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, but his parents did not know it.
44
Thinking that he was in the caravan, they journeyed for a day and looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances,
45
but not finding him, they returned to Jerusalem to look for him.
46
After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions,
47
and all who heard him were astounded at his understanding and his answers.
48
When his parents saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, “Son, why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety.”
49
And he said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 13
50
But they did not understand what he said to them.
51
He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them; and his mother kept all these things in her heart.
52
And Jesus advanced (in) wisdom and age and favor before God and man.
1 [1-2] Although universal registrations of Roman citizens are attested in 28 B.C., 8 B.C., and A.D. 14 and enrollments in individual provinces of those who are not Roman citizens are also attested, such a universal census of the Roman world under Caesar Augustus is unknown outside the New Testament. Moreover, there are notorious historical problems connected with Luke’s dating the census when Quirinius was governor of Syria, and the various attempts to resolve the difficulties have proved unsuccessful. P. Sulpicius Quirinius became legate of the province of Syria in A.D. 6-7 when Judea was annexed to the province of Syria. At that time, a provincial census of Judea was taken up. If Quirinius had been legate of Syria previously, it would have to have been before 10 B.C. because the various legates of Syria from 10 B.C. to 4 B.C. (the death of Herod) are known, and such a dating for an earlier census under Quirinius would create additional problems for dating the beginning of Jesus’ ministry (⇒ Luke 3:1, ⇒ 23). A previous legateship after 4 B.C. (and before A.D. 6) would not fit with the dating of Jesus’ birth in the days of Herod (⇒ Luke 1:5; ⇒ Matthew 2:1). Luke may simply be combining Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem with his vague recollection of a census under Quirinius (see also ⇒ Acts 5:37) to underline the significance of this birth for the whole Roman world: through this child born in Bethlehem peace and salvation come to the empire.
2 [1] Caesar Augustus: the reign of the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus is usually dated from 27 B.C. to his death in A.D. 14. According to Greek inscriptions, Augustus was regarded in the Roman Empire as “savior” and “god,” and he was credited with establishing a time of peace, the pax Augusta, throughout the Roman world during his long reign. It is not by chance that Luke relates the birth of Jesus to the time of Caesar Augustus: the real savior (⇒ Luke 2:11) and peace-bearer (⇒ Luke 2:14; see also ⇒ Luke 19:38) is the child born in Bethlehem. The great emperor is simply God’s agent (like the Persian king Cyrus in ⇒ Isaiah 44:28-⇒ 45:1) who provides the occasion for God’s purposes to be accomplished. The whole world: that is, the whole Roman world: Rome, Italy, and the Roman provinces.
3 [7] Firstborn son: the description of Jesus as firstborn son does not necessarily mean that Mary had other sons. It is a legal description indicating that Jesus possessed the rights and privileges of the firstborn son (Genesis 27; ⇒ Exodus 13:2; ⇒Numbers 3:12-13; ⇒ 18:15-16; ⇒ Deut 21:15-17). See the notes on ⇒ Matthew 1:25; ⇒ Mark 6:3. Wrapped him in swaddling clothes: there may be an allusion here to the birth of another descendant of David, his son Solomon, who though a great king was wrapped in swaddling clothes like any other infant (⇒ Wisdom 7:4-6). Laid him in a manger: a feeding trough for animals. A possible allusion to ⇒ Isaiah 1:3 LXX.
4 [8-20] The announcement of Jesus’ birth to the shepherds is in keeping with Luke’s theme that the lowly are singled out as the recipients of God’s favors and blessings (see also ⇒ Luke 1:48, ⇒ 52).
5 [11] The basic message of the infancy narrative is contained in the angel’s announcement: this child is savior, Messiah, and Lord. Luke is the only synoptic gospel writer to use the title savior for Jesus (⇒ Luke 2:11; ⇒ Acts 5:31; ⇒ 13:23; see also ⇒ Luke 1:69; ⇒ 19:9; ⇒ Acts 4:12). As savior, Jesus is looked upon by Luke as the one who rescues humanity from sin and delivers humanity from the condition of alienation from God. The title christos, “Christ,” is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew masiah, “Messiah,” “anointed one.” Among certain groups in first-century Palestinian Judaism, the title was applied to an expected royal leader from the line of David who would restore the kingdom to Israel (see ⇒ Acts 1:6). The political overtones of the title are played down in Luke and instead the Messiah of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:26) or the Lord’s anointed is the one who now brings salvation to all humanity, Jew and Gentile (⇒ Luke 2:29-32). Lord is the most frequently used title for Jesus in Luke and Acts. In the New Testament it is also applied to Yahweh, as it is in the Old Testament. When used of Jesus it points to his transcendence and dominion over humanity.
6 [14] On earth peace to those on whom his favor rests: the peace that results from the Christ event is for those whom God has favored with his grace. This reading is found in the oldest representatives of the Western and Alexandrian text traditions and is the preferred one; the Byzantine text tradition, on the other hand, reads: “on earth peace, good will toward men.” The peace of which Luke’s gospel speaks (⇒ Luke 2:14; ⇒ 7:50; ⇒ 8:48; ⇒ 10:5-6; ⇒ 19:38, ⇒ 42; ⇒ 24:36) is more than the absence of war of the pax Augusta; it also includes the security and well-being characteristic of peace in the Old Testament.
7 [21] Just as John before him had been incorporated into the people of Israel through his circumcision, so too this child (see the note on ⇒ Luke 1:57-66).
8 [22-40] The presentation of Jesus in the temple depicts the parents of Jesus as devout Jews, faithful observers of the law of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:23-24, ⇒ 39), i.e., the law of Moses. In this respect, they are described in a fashion similar to the parents of John (⇒ Luke 1:6) and Simeon (⇒ Luke 2:25) and Anna (⇒ Luke 2:36-37).
9 [2] Their purification: syntactically, their must refer to Mary and Joseph, even though the Mosaic law never mentions the purification of the husband. Recognizing the problem, some Western scribes have altered the text to read “his purification,” understanding the presentation of Jesus in the temple as a form of purification; the Vulgate version has a Latin form that could be either “his” or “her.” According to the Mosaic law (⇒ Lev 12:2-8), the woman who gives birth to a boy is unable for forty days to touch anything sacred or to enter the temple area by reason of her legal impurity. At the end of this period she is required to offer a year-old lamb as a burnt offering and a turtledove or young pigeon as an expiation of sin. The woman who could not afford a lamb offered instead two turtledoves or two young pigeons, as Mary does here. They took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord: as the firstborn son (⇒ Luke 2:7) Jesus was consecrated to the Lord as the law required (⇒ Exodus 13:2, ⇒ 12), but there was no requirement that this be done at the temple. The concept of a presentation at the temple is probably derived from ⇒ 1 Sam 1:24-28, where Hannah offers the child Samuel for sanctuary services. The law further stipulated (⇒ Numbers 3:47-48) that the firstborn son should be redeemed by the parents through their payment of five shekels to a member of a priestly family. About this legal requirement Luke is silent.
10 [25] Awaiting the consolation of Israel: Simeon here and later Anna who speak about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem represent the hopes and expectations of faithful and devout Jews who at this time were looking forward to the restoration of God’s rule in Israel. The birth of Jesus brings these hopes to fulfillment.
11 [35] (And you yourself a sword will pierce): Mary herself will not be untouched by the various reactions to the role of Jesus (34). Her blessedness as mother of the Lord will be challenged by her son who describes true blessedness as “hearing the word of God and observing it” (⇒ Luke 11:27-28 and ⇒ Luke 8:20-21).
12 [41-52] This story’s concern with an incident from Jesus’ youth is unique in the canonical gospel tradition. It presents Jesus in the role of the faithful Jewish boy, raised in the traditions of Israel, and fulfilling all that the law requires. With this episode, the infancy narrative ends just as it began, in the setting of the Jerusalem temple.
13 [49] I must be in my Father’s house: this phrase can also be translated, “I must be about my Father’s work.” In either translation, Jesus refers to God as his Father. His divine sonship, and his obedience to his heavenly Father’s will, take precedence over his ties to his family.
[:ro]
Luke
Chapter 2
Audio Español Latino:Mary Luz Valderrama
1
1 In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus 2 that the whole world should be enrolled.
2
This was the first enrollment, when Quirinius was governor of Syria.
3
So all went to be enrolled, each to his own town.
4
And Joseph too went up from Galilee from the town of Nazareth to Judea, to the city of David that is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David,
5
to be enrolled with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child.
6
While they were there, the time came for her to have her child,
7
and she gave birth to her firstborn son. 3 She wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
8
4 Now there were shepherds in that region living in the fields and keeping the night watch over their flock.
9
The angel of the Lord appeared to them and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were struck with great fear.
10
The angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for behold, I proclaim to you good news of great joy that will be for all the people.
11
5 For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Messiah and Lord.
12
And this will be a sign for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.”
13
And suddenly there was a multitude of the heavenly host with the angel, praising God and saying:
14
6 “Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.”
15
When the angels went away from them to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go, then, to Bethlehem to see this thing that has taken place, which the Lord has made known to us.”
16
So they went in haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the infant lying in the manger.
17
When they saw this, they made known the message that had been told them about this child.
18
All who heard it were amazed by what had been told them by the shepherds.
19
And Mary kept all these things, reflecting on them in her heart.
20
Then the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, just as it had been told to them.
21
When eight days were completed for his circumcision, 7 he was named Jesus, the name given him by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
22
8 When the days were completed for their purification 9 according to the law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord,
23
just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb shall be consecrated to the Lord,”
24
and to offer the sacrifice of “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons,” in accordance with the dictate in the law of the Lord.
25
Now there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, awaiting the consolation of Israel, 10 and the holy Spirit was upon him.
26
It had been revealed to him by the holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Messiah of the Lord.
27
He came in the Spirit into the temple; and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to perform the custom of the law in regard to him,
28
he took him into his arms and blessed God, saying:
29
“Now, Master, you may let your servant go in peace, according to your word,
30
for my eyes have seen your salvation,
31
which you prepared in sight of all the peoples,
32
a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and glory for your people Israel.”
33
The child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him;
34
and Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, “Behold, this child is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradicted
35
(and you yourself a sword will pierce) 11 so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.”
36
There was also a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived seven years with her husband after her marriage,
37
and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She never left the temple, but worshiped night and day with fasting and prayer.
38
And coming forward at that very time, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem.
39
When they had fulfilled all the prescriptions of the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.
40
The child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom; and the favor of God was upon him.
41
12 Each year his parents went to Jerusalem for the feast of Passover,
42
and when he was twelve years old, they went up according to festival custom.
43
After they had completed its days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, but his parents did not know it.
44
Thinking that he was in the caravan, they journeyed for a day and looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances,
45
but not finding him, they returned to Jerusalem to look for him.
46
After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions,
47
and all who heard him were astounded at his understanding and his answers.
48
When his parents saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, “Son, why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety.”
49
And he said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 13
50
But they did not understand what he said to them.
51
He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them; and his mother kept all these things in her heart.
52
And Jesus advanced (in) wisdom and age and favor before God and man.
1 [1-2] Although universal registrations of Roman citizens are attested in 28 B.C., 8 B.C., and A.D. 14 and enrollments in individual provinces of those who are not Roman citizens are also attested, such a universal census of the Roman world under Caesar Augustus is unknown outside the New Testament. Moreover, there are notorious historical problems connected with Luke’s dating the census when Quirinius was governor of Syria, and the various attempts to resolve the difficulties have proved unsuccessful. P. Sulpicius Quirinius became legate of the province of Syria in A.D. 6-7 when Judea was annexed to the province of Syria. At that time, a provincial census of Judea was taken up. If Quirinius had been legate of Syria previously, it would have to have been before 10 B.C. because the various legates of Syria from 10 B.C. to 4 B.C. (the death of Herod) are known, and such a dating for an earlier census under Quirinius would create additional problems for dating the beginning of Jesus’ ministry (⇒ Luke 3:1, ⇒ 23). A previous legateship after 4 B.C. (and before A.D. 6) would not fit with the dating of Jesus’ birth in the days of Herod (⇒ Luke 1:5; ⇒ Matthew 2:1). Luke may simply be combining Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem with his vague recollection of a census under Quirinius (see also ⇒ Acts 5:37) to underline the significance of this birth for the whole Roman world: through this child born in Bethlehem peace and salvation come to the empire.
2 [1] Caesar Augustus: the reign of the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus is usually dated from 27 B.C. to his death in A.D. 14. According to Greek inscriptions, Augustus was regarded in the Roman Empire as “savior” and “god,” and he was credited with establishing a time of peace, the pax Augusta, throughout the Roman world during his long reign. It is not by chance that Luke relates the birth of Jesus to the time of Caesar Augustus: the real savior (⇒ Luke 2:11) and peace-bearer (⇒ Luke 2:14; see also ⇒ Luke 19:38) is the child born in Bethlehem. The great emperor is simply God’s agent (like the Persian king Cyrus in ⇒ Isaiah 44:28-⇒ 45:1) who provides the occasion for God’s purposes to be accomplished. The whole world: that is, the whole Roman world: Rome, Italy, and the Roman provinces.
3 [7] Firstborn son: the description of Jesus as firstborn son does not necessarily mean that Mary had other sons. It is a legal description indicating that Jesus possessed the rights and privileges of the firstborn son (Genesis 27; ⇒ Exodus 13:2; ⇒Numbers 3:12-13; ⇒ 18:15-16; ⇒ Deut 21:15-17). See the notes on ⇒ Matthew 1:25; ⇒ Mark 6:3. Wrapped him in swaddling clothes: there may be an allusion here to the birth of another descendant of David, his son Solomon, who though a great king was wrapped in swaddling clothes like any other infant (⇒ Wisdom 7:4-6). Laid him in a manger: a feeding trough for animals. A possible allusion to ⇒ Isaiah 1:3 LXX.
4 [8-20] The announcement of Jesus’ birth to the shepherds is in keeping with Luke’s theme that the lowly are singled out as the recipients of God’s favors and blessings (see also ⇒ Luke 1:48, ⇒ 52).
5 [11] The basic message of the infancy narrative is contained in the angel’s announcement: this child is savior, Messiah, and Lord. Luke is the only synoptic gospel writer to use the title savior for Jesus (⇒ Luke 2:11; ⇒ Acts 5:31; ⇒ 13:23; see also ⇒ Luke 1:69; ⇒ 19:9; ⇒ Acts 4:12). As savior, Jesus is looked upon by Luke as the one who rescues humanity from sin and delivers humanity from the condition of alienation from God. The title christos, “Christ,” is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew masiah, “Messiah,” “anointed one.” Among certain groups in first-century Palestinian Judaism, the title was applied to an expected royal leader from the line of David who would restore the kingdom to Israel (see ⇒ Acts 1:6). The political overtones of the title are played down in Luke and instead the Messiah of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:26) or the Lord’s anointed is the one who now brings salvation to all humanity, Jew and Gentile (⇒ Luke 2:29-32). Lord is the most frequently used title for Jesus in Luke and Acts. In the New Testament it is also applied to Yahweh, as it is in the Old Testament. When used of Jesus it points to his transcendence and dominion over humanity.
6 [14] On earth peace to those on whom his favor rests: the peace that results from the Christ event is for those whom God has favored with his grace. This reading is found in the oldest representatives of the Western and Alexandrian text traditions and is the preferred one; the Byzantine text tradition, on the other hand, reads: “on earth peace, good will toward men.” The peace of which Luke’s gospel speaks (⇒ Luke 2:14; ⇒ 7:50; ⇒ 8:48; ⇒ 10:5-6; ⇒ 19:38, ⇒ 42; ⇒ 24:36) is more than the absence of war of the pax Augusta; it also includes the security and well-being characteristic of peace in the Old Testament.
7 [21] Just as John before him had been incorporated into the people of Israel through his circumcision, so too this child (see the note on ⇒ Luke 1:57-66).
8 [22-40] The presentation of Jesus in the temple depicts the parents of Jesus as devout Jews, faithful observers of the law of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:23-24, ⇒ 39), i.e., the law of Moses. In this respect, they are described in a fashion similar to the parents of John (⇒ Luke 1:6) and Simeon (⇒ Luke 2:25) and Anna (⇒ Luke 2:36-37).
9 [2] Their purification: syntactically, their must refer to Mary and Joseph, even though the Mosaic law never mentions the purification of the husband. Recognizing the problem, some Western scribes have altered the text to read “his purification,” understanding the presentation of Jesus in the temple as a form of purification; the Vulgate version has a Latin form that could be either “his” or “her.” According to the Mosaic law (⇒ Lev 12:2-8), the woman who gives birth to a boy is unable for forty days to touch anything sacred or to enter the temple area by reason of her legal impurity. At the end of this period she is required to offer a year-old lamb as a burnt offering and a turtledove or young pigeon as an expiation of sin. The woman who could not afford a lamb offered instead two turtledoves or two young pigeons, as Mary does here. They took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord: as the firstborn son (⇒ Luke 2:7) Jesus was consecrated to the Lord as the law required (⇒ Exodus 13:2, ⇒ 12), but there was no requirement that this be done at the temple. The concept of a presentation at the temple is probably derived from ⇒ 1 Sam 1:24-28, where Hannah offers the child Samuel for sanctuary services. The law further stipulated (⇒ Numbers 3:47-48) that the firstborn son should be redeemed by the parents through their payment of five shekels to a member of a priestly family. About this legal requirement Luke is silent.
10 [25] Awaiting the consolation of Israel: Simeon here and later Anna who speak about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem represent the hopes and expectations of faithful and devout Jews who at this time were looking forward to the restoration of God’s rule in Israel. The birth of Jesus brings these hopes to fulfillment.
11 [35] (And you yourself a sword will pierce): Mary herself will not be untouched by the various reactions to the role of Jesus (34). Her blessedness as mother of the Lord will be challenged by her son who describes true blessedness as “hearing the word of God and observing it” (⇒ Luke 11:27-28 and ⇒ Luke 8:20-21).
12 [41-52] This story’s concern with an incident from Jesus’ youth is unique in the canonical gospel tradition. It presents Jesus in the role of the faithful Jewish boy, raised in the traditions of Israel, and fulfilling all that the law requires. With this episode, the infancy narrative ends just as it began, in the setting of the Jerusalem temple.
13 [49] I must be in my Father’s house: this phrase can also be translated, “I must be about my Father’s work.” In either translation, Jesus refers to God as his Father. His divine sonship, and his obedience to his heavenly Father’s will, take precedence over his ties to his family.
[:ja]
Luke
Chapter 2
Audio Español Latino:Mary Luz Valderrama
1
1 In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus 2 that the whole world should be enrolled.
2
This was the first enrollment, when Quirinius was governor of Syria.
3
So all went to be enrolled, each to his own town.
4
And Joseph too went up from Galilee from the town of Nazareth to Judea, to the city of David that is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David,
5
to be enrolled with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child.
6
While they were there, the time came for her to have her child,
7
and she gave birth to her firstborn son. 3 She wrapped him in swaddling clothes and laid him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
8
4 Now there were shepherds in that region living in the fields and keeping the night watch over their flock.
9
The angel of the Lord appeared to them and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were struck with great fear.
10
The angel said to them, “Do not be afraid; for behold, I proclaim to you good news of great joy that will be for all the people.
11
5 For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Messiah and Lord.
12
And this will be a sign for you: you will find an infant wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.”
13
And suddenly there was a multitude of the heavenly host with the angel, praising God and saying:
14
6 “Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.”
15
When the angels went away from them to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go, then, to Bethlehem to see this thing that has taken place, which the Lord has made known to us.”
16
So they went in haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the infant lying in the manger.
17
When they saw this, they made known the message that had been told them about this child.
18
All who heard it were amazed by what had been told them by the shepherds.
19
And Mary kept all these things, reflecting on them in her heart.
20
Then the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, just as it had been told to them.
21
When eight days were completed for his circumcision, 7 he was named Jesus, the name given him by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
22
8 When the days were completed for their purification 9 according to the law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord,
23
just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb shall be consecrated to the Lord,”
24
and to offer the sacrifice of “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons,” in accordance with the dictate in the law of the Lord.
25
Now there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon. This man was righteous and devout, awaiting the consolation of Israel, 10 and the holy Spirit was upon him.
26
It had been revealed to him by the holy Spirit that he should not see death before he had seen the Messiah of the Lord.
27
He came in the Spirit into the temple; and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to perform the custom of the law in regard to him,
28
he took him into his arms and blessed God, saying:
29
“Now, Master, you may let your servant go in peace, according to your word,
30
for my eyes have seen your salvation,
31
which you prepared in sight of all the peoples,
32
a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and glory for your people Israel.”
33
The child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him;
34
and Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, “Behold, this child is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradicted
35
(and you yourself a sword will pierce) 11 so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.”
36
There was also a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived seven years with her husband after her marriage,
37
and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She never left the temple, but worshiped night and day with fasting and prayer.
38
And coming forward at that very time, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem.
39
When they had fulfilled all the prescriptions of the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.
40
The child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom; and the favor of God was upon him.
41
12 Each year his parents went to Jerusalem for the feast of Passover,
42
and when he was twelve years old, they went up according to festival custom.
43
After they had completed its days, as they were returning, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, but his parents did not know it.
44
Thinking that he was in the caravan, they journeyed for a day and looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances,
45
but not finding him, they returned to Jerusalem to look for him.
46
After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the midst of the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions,
47
and all who heard him were astounded at his understanding and his answers.
48
When his parents saw him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, “Son, why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety.”
49
And he said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 13
50
But they did not understand what he said to them.
51
He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them; and his mother kept all these things in her heart.
52
And Jesus advanced (in) wisdom and age and favor before God and man.
1 [1-2] Although universal registrations of Roman citizens are attested in 28 B.C., 8 B.C., and A.D. 14 and enrollments in individual provinces of those who are not Roman citizens are also attested, such a universal census of the Roman world under Caesar Augustus is unknown outside the New Testament. Moreover, there are notorious historical problems connected with Luke’s dating the census when Quirinius was governor of Syria, and the various attempts to resolve the difficulties have proved unsuccessful. P. Sulpicius Quirinius became legate of the province of Syria in A.D. 6-7 when Judea was annexed to the province of Syria. At that time, a provincial census of Judea was taken up. If Quirinius had been legate of Syria previously, it would have to have been before 10 B.C. because the various legates of Syria from 10 B.C. to 4 B.C. (the death of Herod) are known, and such a dating for an earlier census under Quirinius would create additional problems for dating the beginning of Jesus’ ministry (⇒ Luke 3:1, ⇒ 23). A previous legateship after 4 B.C. (and before A.D. 6) would not fit with the dating of Jesus’ birth in the days of Herod (⇒ Luke 1:5; ⇒ Matthew 2:1). Luke may simply be combining Jesus’ birth in Bethlehem with his vague recollection of a census under Quirinius (see also ⇒ Acts 5:37) to underline the significance of this birth for the whole Roman world: through this child born in Bethlehem peace and salvation come to the empire.
2 [1] Caesar Augustus: the reign of the Roman emperor Caesar Augustus is usually dated from 27 B.C. to his death in A.D. 14. According to Greek inscriptions, Augustus was regarded in the Roman Empire as “savior” and “god,” and he was credited with establishing a time of peace, the pax Augusta, throughout the Roman world during his long reign. It is not by chance that Luke relates the birth of Jesus to the time of Caesar Augustus: the real savior (⇒ Luke 2:11) and peace-bearer (⇒ Luke 2:14; see also ⇒ Luke 19:38) is the child born in Bethlehem. The great emperor is simply God’s agent (like the Persian king Cyrus in ⇒ Isaiah 44:28-⇒ 45:1) who provides the occasion for God’s purposes to be accomplished. The whole world: that is, the whole Roman world: Rome, Italy, and the Roman provinces.
3 [7] Firstborn son: the description of Jesus as firstborn son does not necessarily mean that Mary had other sons. It is a legal description indicating that Jesus possessed the rights and privileges of the firstborn son (Genesis 27; ⇒ Exodus 13:2; ⇒Numbers 3:12-13; ⇒ 18:15-16; ⇒ Deut 21:15-17). See the notes on ⇒ Matthew 1:25; ⇒ Mark 6:3. Wrapped him in swaddling clothes: there may be an allusion here to the birth of another descendant of David, his son Solomon, who though a great king was wrapped in swaddling clothes like any other infant (⇒ Wisdom 7:4-6). Laid him in a manger: a feeding trough for animals. A possible allusion to ⇒ Isaiah 1:3 LXX.
4 [8-20] The announcement of Jesus’ birth to the shepherds is in keeping with Luke’s theme that the lowly are singled out as the recipients of God’s favors and blessings (see also ⇒ Luke 1:48, ⇒ 52).
5 [11] The basic message of the infancy narrative is contained in the angel’s announcement: this child is savior, Messiah, and Lord. Luke is the only synoptic gospel writer to use the title savior for Jesus (⇒ Luke 2:11; ⇒ Acts 5:31; ⇒ 13:23; see also ⇒ Luke 1:69; ⇒ 19:9; ⇒ Acts 4:12). As savior, Jesus is looked upon by Luke as the one who rescues humanity from sin and delivers humanity from the condition of alienation from God. The title christos, “Christ,” is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew masiah, “Messiah,” “anointed one.” Among certain groups in first-century Palestinian Judaism, the title was applied to an expected royal leader from the line of David who would restore the kingdom to Israel (see ⇒ Acts 1:6). The political overtones of the title are played down in Luke and instead the Messiah of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:26) or the Lord’s anointed is the one who now brings salvation to all humanity, Jew and Gentile (⇒ Luke 2:29-32). Lord is the most frequently used title for Jesus in Luke and Acts. In the New Testament it is also applied to Yahweh, as it is in the Old Testament. When used of Jesus it points to his transcendence and dominion over humanity.
6 [14] On earth peace to those on whom his favor rests: the peace that results from the Christ event is for those whom God has favored with his grace. This reading is found in the oldest representatives of the Western and Alexandrian text traditions and is the preferred one; the Byzantine text tradition, on the other hand, reads: “on earth peace, good will toward men.” The peace of which Luke’s gospel speaks (⇒ Luke 2:14; ⇒ 7:50; ⇒ 8:48; ⇒ 10:5-6; ⇒ 19:38, ⇒ 42; ⇒ 24:36) is more than the absence of war of the pax Augusta; it also includes the security and well-being characteristic of peace in the Old Testament.
7 [21] Just as John before him had been incorporated into the people of Israel through his circumcision, so too this child (see the note on ⇒ Luke 1:57-66).
8 [22-40] The presentation of Jesus in the temple depicts the parents of Jesus as devout Jews, faithful observers of the law of the Lord (⇒ Luke 2:23-24, ⇒ 39), i.e., the law of Moses. In this respect, they are described in a fashion similar to the parents of John (⇒ Luke 1:6) and Simeon (⇒ Luke 2:25) and Anna (⇒ Luke 2:36-37).
9 [2] Their purification: syntactically, their must refer to Mary and Joseph, even though the Mosaic law never mentions the purification of the husband. Recognizing the problem, some Western scribes have altered the text to read “his purification,” understanding the presentation of Jesus in the temple as a form of purification; the Vulgate version has a Latin form that could be either “his” or “her.” According to the Mosaic law (⇒ Lev 12:2-8), the woman who gives birth to a boy is unable for forty days to touch anything sacred or to enter the temple area by reason of her legal impurity. At the end of this period she is required to offer a year-old lamb as a burnt offering and a turtledove or young pigeon as an expiation of sin. The woman who could not afford a lamb offered instead two turtledoves or two young pigeons, as Mary does here. They took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord: as the firstborn son (⇒ Luke 2:7) Jesus was consecrated to the Lord as the law required (⇒ Exodus 13:2, ⇒ 12), but there was no requirement that this be done at the temple. The concept of a presentation at the temple is probably derived from ⇒ 1 Sam 1:24-28, where Hannah offers the child Samuel for sanctuary services. The law further stipulated (⇒ Numbers 3:47-48) that the firstborn son should be redeemed by the parents through their payment of five shekels to a member of a priestly family. About this legal requirement Luke is silent.
10 [25] Awaiting the consolation of Israel: Simeon here and later Anna who speak about the child to all who were awaiting the redemption of Jerusalem represent the hopes and expectations of faithful and devout Jews who at this time were looking forward to the restoration of God’s rule in Israel. The birth of Jesus brings these hopes to fulfillment.
11 [35] (And you yourself a sword will pierce): Mary herself will not be untouched by the various reactions to the role of Jesus (34). Her blessedness as mother of the Lord will be challenged by her son who describes true blessedness as “hearing the word of God and observing it” (⇒ Luke 11:27-28 and ⇒ Luke 8:20-21).
12 [41-52] This story’s concern with an incident from Jesus’ youth is unique in the canonical gospel tradition. It presents Jesus in the role of the faithful Jewish boy, raised in the traditions of Israel, and fulfilling all that the law requires. With this episode, the infancy narrative ends just as it began, in the setting of the Jerusalem temple.
13 [49] I must be in my Father’s house: this phrase can also be translated, “I must be about my Father’s work.” In either translation, Jesus refers to God as his Father. His divine sonship, and his obedience to his heavenly Father’s will, take precedence over his ties to his family.
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