[:es]

La Biblia – El Nuevo Testamento

Evangelio según San Lucas

Índice de capítulos

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

Capítulo 3

1 El año decimoquinto del reinado del emperador Tiberio, cuando Poncio Pilato gobernaba la Judea, siendo Herodes tetrarca de Galilea, su hermano Felipe tetrarca de Iturea y Traconítide, y Lisanias tetrarca de Abilene,

2 bajo el pontificado de Anás y Caifás, Dios dirigió su palabra a Juan, hijo de Zacarías, que estaba en el desierto.

3 Este comenzó entonces a recorrer toda la región del río Jordán, anunciando un bautismo de conversión para el perdón de los pecados,

4 como está escrito en el libro del profeta Isaías: “Una voz grita en desierto: Preparen el camino del Señor, allanen sus senderos.

5 Los valles serán rellenados, las montañas y las colinas serán aplanadas. Serán enderezados los senderos sinuosos y nivelados los caminos desparejos.

6 Entonces, todos los hombres verán la Salvación de Dios.”

7 Juan decía a la multitud que venía a hacerse bautizar por él: «Raza de víboras, ¿quién les enseñó a escapar de la ira de Dios que se acerca?

8 Produzcan los frutos de una sincera conversión, y no piensen: «Tenemos por padre a Abraham». Porque yo les digo que de estas piedras Dios puede hacer surgir hijo de Abraham.

9 El hacha ya está puesta a la raíz de los árboles; el árbol que no produce buen fruto será cortado y arrojado al fuego».

10 La gente le preguntaba: «¿Qué debemos hacer entonces?».

11 El les respondía: «El que tenga dos túnicas, dé una al que no tiene; y el que tenga qué comer, haga otro tanto».

12 Algunos publicanos vinieron también a hacer bautizar y le preguntaron: «Maestro, ¿qué debemos hacer?».

13 El les respondió: «No exijan más de lo estipulado».

14 A su vez, unos soldados le preguntaron: «Y nosotros, ¿qué debemos hacer?». Juan les respondió: «No extorsionen a nadie, no hagan falsas denuncias y conténtense con su sueldo».

15 Como el pueblo estaba a la expectativa y todos se preguntaban si Juan no sería el Mesías,

16 él tomó la palabra y les dijo: «Yo los bautizo con agua, pero viene uno que es más poderoso que yo, y yo ni siquiera soy digno de desatar la correa de sus sandalias; él los bautizará en el Espíritu Santo y en el fuego.

17 Tiene en su mano la horquilla para limpiar su era y recoger el trigo en su granero. Pero consumirá la paja en el fuego inextinguible»

18 Y por medio de muchas otras exhortaciones, anunciaba al pueblo la Buena Noticia.

19 Mientras tanto el tetrarca Herodes, a quien Juan censuraba a causa de Herodías – la mujer de su hermano– y por todos los delitos que había cometido,

20 cometió uno más haciendo encarcelar a Juan.

21 Todo el pueblo se hacía bautizar, y también fue bautizado Jesús. Y mientras estaba orando, se abrió el cielo.

22 y el Espíritu Santo descendió sobre él en forma corporal, como una paloma. Se oyó entonces una voz del cielo: «Tú eres mi Hijo muy querido, en quien tengo puesta toda mi predilección».

23 Cuando comenzó su ministerio, Jesús tenía unos treinta años y se lo consideraba hijo de José. José era hijo de Elí;

24 Elí, hijo de Matat; Mata, hijo de Leví; Leví, hijo de Melquí; Melquí, hijo de Janai; Janai, hijo de José;

25 José, hijo de Matatías; Matatías, hijo de Amós; Amós, hijo de Naúm; Naúm, hijo de Eslí; Eslí, hijo de Nagai;

26 Nagai, hijo de Maat; Maat, hijo de Matatías; Matatías, hijo de Semein; Semein, hijo de Iosec; Iosec, hijo de Iodá;

27 Iodá, hijo de Joanán; Joanán, hijo de Resá; Resá, hijo de Zorobabel. Zorobabel era hijo de Salatiel; Salatiel, hijo de Nerí;

28 Nerí, hijo de Melquí; Melquí, hijo de Adí; Adí, hijo de Cosam; Cosam, hijo de Elmadam; Elmadam, hijo de Er;

29 Er, hijo de Jesús; Jesús, hijo de Eliezer; Eliezer, hijo de Jorím; Jorím, hijo de Matat; Matat, hijo de Leví;

30 Leví, hijo de Angel; Angel, hijo de Judá; Judá, hijo de José; José, hijo de Jonam; Jonam, hijo de Eliaquim;

31 Eliaquim, hijo de Meleá; Meleá, hijo de Mená; Mená, hijo de Matatá; Matatá, hijo de Natán; Natán, hijo de David.

32 David era hijo de Jesé; Jesé, hijo de Jobed; Jobed, hijo de Booz; Booz, hijo de Sela; Sela hijo de Naasón;

33 Naasón, hijo de Aminadab; Aminadab, hijo de Admín; Admín, hijo de Arní; Arní, hijo de Esrom; Esrom, hijo de Fares; Fares, hijo de Judá;

34 Judá, hijo de Jacob; Jacob, hijo de Isaac; Isaac, hijo de Abraham. Abraham era hijo de Tera; Tera, hijo de Najor;

35 Najor, hijo de Serúj; Serúj, hijo de Ragau; Ragau, hijo de Péleg; Péleg, hijo de Eber; Eber, hijo de Sela;

36 Sela, hijo de Cainán; Cainán, hijo de Arfaxad; Arfaxad, hijo de Sem. Sem era hijo de Noé; Noé, hijo de Lamec;

37 Lamec, hijo de Matusalén; Matusalén, hijo de Henoc; Henoc, hijo de Jaret; Jaret, hijo de Malaleel; Malaleel, hijo de Cainán;

38 Cainán, hijo de Enós; Enós, hijo de Set; Set, hijo de Adán; Adán, hijo de Dios.

Índice

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

ANTIGUO TESTAMENTO

EVANGELIOS

NUEVO TESTAMENTO

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The Bible – New Testament

Saint Luke

Index

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

Chapter 3

1 ¹ ² In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod was tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias was tetrarch of Abilene,

2 during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, ³ the word of God came to John the son of Zechariah in the desert.

3 ⁴ He went throughout (the) whole region of the Jordan, proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins,

4 ⁵ as it is written in the book of the words of the prophet Isaiah: “A voice of one crying out in the desert: ‘Prepare the way of the Lord, make straight his paths.

5 Every valley shall be filled and every mountain and hill shall be made low. The winding roads shall be made straight, and the rough ways made smooth,

6 and all flesh shall see the salvation of God.'”

7 He said to the crowds who came out to be baptized by him, “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the coming wrath?

8 Produce good fruits as evidence of your repentance; and do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father,’ for I tell you, God can raise up children to Abraham from these stones.

9 Even now the ax lies at the root of the trees. Therefore every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into the fire.”

10 And the crowds asked him, “What then should we do?”

11 He said to them in reply, “Whoever has two cloaks should share with the person who has none. And whoever has food should do likewise.”

12 Even tax collectors came to be baptized and they said to him, “Teacher, what should we do?”

13 He answered them, “Stop collecting more than what is prescribed.”

14 Soldiers also asked him, “And what is it that we should do?” He told them, “Do not practice extortion, do not falsely accuse anyone, and be satisfied with your wages.”

15 Now the people were filled with expectation, and all were asking in their hearts whether John might be the Messiah.

16 ⁶ John answered them all, saying, “I am baptizing you with water, but one mightier than I is coming. I am not worthy to loosen the thongs of his sandals. He will baptize you with the holy Spirit and fire.

17 His winnowing fan ⁷ is in his hand to clear his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his barn, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.”

18 Exhorting them in many other ways, he preached good news to the people.

19 ⁸ Now Herod the tetrarch, who had been censured by him because of Herodias, his brother’s wife, and because of all the evil deeds Herod had committed,

20 added still another to these by (also) putting John in prison.

21 ⁹ ¹⁰ After all the people had been baptized and Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, heaven was opened

22 ¹¹ and the holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form like a dove. And a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.”

23 ¹² When Jesus began his ministry he was about thirty years of age. He was the son, as was thought, of Joseph, the son of Heli,

24 the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph,

25 the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai,

26 the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda,

27 the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri,

28 the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er,

29 the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi,

30 the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim,

31 the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David, ¹³

32 the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Sala, the son of Nahshon,

33 the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah,

34 the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor,

35 the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah,

36 the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech,

37 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan,

38 the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.

1 [1-20] Although Luke is indebted in this section to his sources, the Gospel of Mark and a collection of sayings of John the Baptist, he has clearly marked this introduction to the ministry of Jesus with his own individual style. Just as the gospel began with a long periodic sentence (⇒ Luke 1:1-4), so too this section (⇒ Luke 3:1-2). He casts the call of John the Baptist in the form of an Old Testament prophetic call (⇒ Luke 3:2) and extends the quotation from Isaiah found in ⇒ Mark 1:3 (⇒ Isaiah 40:3) by the addition of ⇒ Isaiah 40:4-5 in ⇒Luke 3:5-6. In doing so, he presents his theme of the universality of salvation, which he has announced earlier in the words of Simeon (⇒ Luke 2:30-32). Moreover, in describing the expectation of the people (⇒ Luke 3:15), Luke is characterizing the time of John’s preaching in the same way as he had earlier described the situation of other devout Israelites in the infancy narrative (⇒ Luke 2:25-26, ⇒ 37-38). In ⇒ Luke 3:7-18 Luke presents the preaching of John the Baptist who urges the crowds to reform in view of the coming wrath (⇒ Luke 3:7, 9: eschatological preaching), and who offers the crowds certain standards for reforming social conduct (⇒ Luke 3:10-14: ethical preaching), and who announces to the crowds the coming of one mightier than he (⇒ Luke 3:15-18: messianic preaching).

2 [1] Tiberius Caesar: Tiberius succeeded Augustus as emperor in A.D. 14 and reigned until A.D. 37. The fifteenth year of his reign, depending on the method of calculating his first regnal year, would have fallen between A.D. 27 and 29. Pontius Pilate: prefect of Judea from A.D. 26 to 36. The Jewish historian Josephus describes him as a greedy and ruthless prefect who had little regard for the local Jewish population and their religious practices (see ⇒ Luke 13:1). Herod: i.e., Herod Antipas, the son of Herod the Great. He ruled over Galilee and Perea from 4 B.C. to A.D. 39. His official title tetrarch means literally, “ruler of a quarter,” but came to designate any subordinate prince. Philip: also a son of Herod the Great, tetrarch of the territory to the north and east of the Sea of Galilee from 4 B.C. to A.D. 34. Only two small areas of this territory are mentioned by Luke. Lysanias: nothing is known about this Lysanias who is said here to have been tetrarch of Abilene, a territory northwest of Damascus.

3 [2] During the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas: after situating the call of John the Baptist in terms of the civil rulers of the period, Luke now mentions the religious leadership of Palestine (see the note on ⇒ Luke 1:5). Annas had been high priest A.D. 6-15. After being deposed by the Romans in A.D. 15 he was succeeded by various members of his family and eventually by his son-in-law, Caiaphas, who was high priest A.D. 18-36. Luke refers to Annas as high priest at this time (but see ⇒ John 18:13, ⇒ 19), possibly because of the continuing influence of Annas or because the title continued to be used for the ex-high priest. The word of God came to John: Luke is alone among the New Testament writers in associating the preaching of John with a call from God. Luke is thereby identifying John with the prophets whose ministries began with similar calls. In ⇒ Luke 7:26 John will be described as “more than a prophet”; he is also the precursor of Jesus (⇒ Luke 7:27), a transitional figure inaugurating the period of the fulfillment of prophecy and promise.

4 [3] See the note on ⇒ Matthew 3:2.

5 [4] The Essenes from Qumran used the same passage to explain why their community was in the desert studying and observing the law and the prophets (1QS 8:12-15).

6 [16] He will baptize you with the holy Spirit and fire: in contrast to John’s baptism with water, Jesus is said to baptize with the holy Spirit and with fire. From the point of view of the early Christian community, the Spirit and fire must have been understood in the light of the fire symbolism of the pouring out of the Spirit at Pentecost (⇒ Acts 2:1-4); but as part of John’s preaching, the Spirit and fire should be related to their purifying and refining characteristics (⇒ Ezekiel 36:25-27; ⇒ Malachi 3:2-3). See the note on ⇒ Matthew 3:11.

7 [17] Winnowing fan: see the note on ⇒ Matthew 3:12.

8 [19-20] Luke separates the ministry of John the Baptist from that of Jesus by reporting the imprisonment of John before the baptism of Jesus (⇒ Luke 3:21-22). Luke uses this literary device to serve his understanding of the periods of salvation history. With John the Baptist, the time of promise, the period of Israel, comes to an end; with the baptism of Jesus and the descent of the Spirit upon him, the time of fulfillment, the period of Jesus, begins. In his second volume, the Acts of the Apostles, Luke will introduce the third epoch in salvation history, the period of the church.

9 [21-22] This episode in Luke focuses on the heavenly message identifying Jesus as Son and, through the allusion to ⇒ Isaiah 42:1, as Servant of Yahweh. The relationship of Jesus to the Father has already been announced in the infancy narrative (⇒ Luke 1:32, ⇒ 35; ⇒2:49); it occurs here at the beginning of Jesus’ Galilean ministry and will reappear in ⇒ Luke 9:35 before another major section of Luke’s gospel, the travel narrative (⇒ Luke 9:51-⇒ 19:27). Elsewhere in Luke’s writings (⇒ Luke 4:18; ⇒ Acts 10:38), this incident will be interpreted as a type of anointing of Jesus.

10 [21] Was praying: Luke regularly presents Jesus at prayer at important points in his ministry: here at his baptism; at the choice of the Twelve (⇒ Luke 6:12); before Peter’s confession (⇒ Luke 9:18); at the transfiguration (⇒ Luke 9:28); when he teaches his disciples to pray (⇒ Luke 11:1); at the Last Supper (⇒ Luke 22:32); on the Mount of Olives (⇒ Luke 22:41); on the cross (⇒ Luke 23:46).

11 [22] You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased: this is the best attested reading in the Greek manuscripts. The Western reading, “You are my Son, this day I have begotten you,” is derived from ⇒ Psalm 2:7.

12 [23-38] Whereas ⇒ Matthew 1:2 begins the genealogy of Jesus with Abraham to emphasize Jesus’ bonds with the people of Israel, Luke’s universalism leads him to trace the descent of Jesus beyond Israel to Adam and beyond that to God (⇒ Luke 3:38) to stress again Jesus’ divine sonship.

13 [31] The son of Nathan, the son of David: in keeping with Jesus’ prophetic role in Luke and Acts (e.g., ⇒ Luke 7:16, ⇒ 39; ⇒ 9:8; ⇒ 13:33; ⇒ 24:19; ⇒ Acts 3:22-23; ⇒ 7:37) Luke traces Jesus’ Davidic ancestry through the prophet Nathan (see ⇒ 2 Sam 7:2) rather than through King Solomon, as ⇒ Matthew 1:6-7.

Índex

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

OLD TESTAMENT

THE GOSPELS

NEW TESTAMENT

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Vangelo secondo Luca

Capitolo 3

[1] Nell’anno decimoquinto dell’impero di Tiberio Cesare, mentre Ponzio Pilato era governatore della Giudea, Erode tetrarca della Galilea, e Filippo, suo fratello, tetrarca dell’Iturèa e della Traconìtide, e Lisània tetrarca dell’Abilène,

[2] sotto i sommi sacerdoti Anna e Caifa, la parola di Dio scese su Giovanni, figlio di Zaccaria, nel deserto.
[3] Ed egli percorse tutta la regione del Giordano, predicando un battesimo di conversione per il perdono dei peccati,
[4] com’è scritto nel libro degli oracoli del profeta Isaia:
Voce di uno che grida nel deserto:
Preparate la via del Signore,
raddrizzate i suoi sentieri!
[5] Ogni burrone sia riempito,
ogni monte e ogni colle sia abbassato;
i passi tortuosi siano diritti;
i luoghi impervi spianati.
[6] Ogni uomo vedrà la salvezza di Dio!
[7] Diceva dunque alle folle che andavano a farsi battezzare da lui: “Razza di vipere, chi vi ha insegnato a sfuggire all’ira imminente?
[8] Fate dunque opere degne della conversione e non cominciate a dire in voi stessi: Abbiamo Abramo per padre! Perché io vi dico che Dio può far nascere figli ad Abramo anche da queste pietre.
[9] Anzi, la scure è già posta alla radice degli alberi; ogni albero che non porta buon frutto, sarà tagliato e buttato nel fuoco”.
[10] Le folle lo interrogavano: “Che cosa dobbiamo fare?”.
[11] Rispondeva: “Chi ha due tuniche, ne dia una a chi non ne ha; e chi ha da mangiare, faccia altrettanto”.
[12] Vennero anche dei pubblicani a farsi battezzare, e gli chiesero: “Maestro, che dobbiamo fare?”.
[13] Ed egli disse loro: “Non esigete nulla di più di quanto vi è stato fissato”.
[14] Lo interrogavano anche alcuni soldati: “E noi che dobbiamo fare?”. Rispose: “Non maltrattate e non estorcete niente a nessuno, contentatevi delle vostre paghe”.
[15] Poiché il popolo era in attesa e tutti si domandavano in cuor loro, riguardo a Giovanni, se non fosse lui il Cristo,
[16] Giovanni rispose a tutti dicendo: “Io vi battezzo con acqua; ma viene uno che è più forte di me, al quale io non son degno di sciogliere neppure il legaccio dei sandali: costui vi battezzerà in Spirito Santo e fuoco.
[17] Egli ha in mano il ventilabro per ripulire la sua aia e per raccogliere il frumento nel granaio; ma la pula, la brucerà con fuoco inestinguibile”.
[18] Con molte altre esortazioni annunziava al popolo la buona novella.
[19] Ma il tetrarca Erode, biasimato da lui a causa di Erodìade, moglie di suo fratello, e per tutte le scelleratezze che aveva commesso,
[20] aggiunse alle altre anche questa: fece rinchiudere Giovanni in prigione.
[21] Quando tutto il popolo fu battezzato e mentre Gesù, ricevuto anche lui il battesimo, stava in preghiera, il cielo si aprì
[22] e scese su di lui lo Spirito Santo in apparenza corporea, come di colomba, e vi fu una voce dal cielo: “Tu sei il mio figlio prediletto, in te mi sono compiaciuto”.
[23] Gesù quando incominciò il suo ministero aveva circa trent’anni ed era figlio, come si credeva, di Giuseppe, figlio di Eli,
[24] figlio di Mattàt, figlio di Levi, figlio di Melchi, figlio di Innài, figlio di Giuseppe,
[25] figlio di Mattatìa, figlio di Amos, figlio di Naum, figlio di Esli, figlio di Naggài,
[26] figlio di Maat, figlio di Mattatìa, figlio di Semèin, figlio di Iosek, figlio di Ioda,
[27] figlio di Ioanan, figlio di Resa, figlio di Zorobabèle, figlio di Salatiel, figlio di Neri,
[28] figlio di Melchi, figlio di Addi, figlio di Cosam, figlio di Elmadàm, figlio di Er,
[29] figlio di Gesù, figlio di Elièzer, figlio di Iorim, figlio di Mattàt, figlio di Levi,
[30] figlio di Simeone, figlio di Giuda, figlio di Giuseppe, figlio di Ionam, figlio di Eliacim,
[31] figlio di Melèa, figlio di Menna, figlio di Mattatà, figlio di Natàm, figlio di Davide,
[32] figlio di Iesse, figlio di Obed, figlio di Booz, figlio di Sala, figlio di Naàsson,
[33] figlio di Aminadàb, figlio di Admin, figlio di Arni, figlio di Esrom, figlio di Fares, figlio di Giuda,
[34] figlio di Giacobbe, figlio di Isacco, figlio di Abramo, figlio di Tare, figlio di Nacor,
[35] figlio di Seruk, figlio di Ragau, figlio di Falek, figlio di Eber, figlio di Sala,
[36] figlio di Cainam, figlio di Arfàcsad, figlio di Sem, figlio di Noè, figlio di Lamech,
[37] figlio di Matusalemme, figlio di Enoch, figlio di Iaret, figlio di Malleèl, figlio di Cainam,
[38] figlio di Enos, figlio di Set, figlio di Adamo, figlio di Dio.
[:pt]

Luke

Chapter 3

¹ Again he entered the synagogue. There was a man there who had a withered hand.

They watched him closely to see if he would cure him on the sabbath so that they might accuse him.

He said to the man with the withered hand, “Come up here before us.”

Then he said to them, “Is it lawful to do good on the sabbath rather than to do evil, to save life rather than to destroy it?” But they remained silent.

Looking around at them with anger and grieved at their hardness of heart, he said to the man, “Stretch out your hand.” He stretched it out and his hand was restored.

² The Pharisees went out and immediately took counsel with the Herodians against him to put him to death.

³ Jesus withdrew toward the sea with his disciples. A large number of people (followed) from Galilee and from Judea.

Hearing what he was doing, a large number of people came to him also from Jerusalem, from Idumea, from beyond the Jordan, and from the neighborhood of Tyre and Sidon.

He told his disciples to have a boat ready for him because of the crowd, so that they would not crush him.

He had cured many and, as a result, those who had diseases were pressing upon him to touch him.

⁴ And whenever unclean spirits saw him they would fall down before him and shout, “You are the Son of God.”

He warned them sternly not to make him known.

He went up the mountain ⁵ and summoned those whom he wanted and they came to him.

He appointed twelve (whom he also named apostles) that they might be with him ⁶ and he might send them forth to preach

and to have authority to drive out demons:

⁷ (he appointed the twelve:) Simon, whom he named Peter;

James, son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James, whom he named Boanerges, that is, sons of thunder;

Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus; Thaddeus, Simon the Cananean,

and Judas Iscariot who betrayed him.

⁸ ⁹ He came home. Again (the) crowd gathered, making it impossible for them even to eat.

When his relatives heard of this they set out to seize him, for they said, “He is out of his mind.”

The scribes who had come from Jerusalem said, “He is possessed by Beelzebul,” ¹⁰ and “By the prince of demons he drives out demons.”

Summoning them, he began to speak to them in parables, “How can Satan drive out Satan?

If a kingdom is divided against itself, that kingdom cannot stand.

And if a house is divided against itself, that house will not be able to stand.

And if Satan has risen up against himself and is divided, he cannot stand; that is the end of him.

But no one can enter a strong man’s house to plunder his property unless he first ties up the strong man. Then he can plunder his house.

Amen, I say to you, all sins and all blasphemies that people utter will be forgiven them.

But whoever blasphemes against the holy Spirit ¹¹ will never have forgiveness, but is guilty of an everlasting sin.”

For they had said, “He has an unclean spirit.”

His mother and his brothers arrived. Standing outside they sent word to him and called him.

A crowd seated around him told him, “Your mother and your brothers ¹² (and your sisters) are outside asking for you.”

But he said to them in reply, “Who are my mother and (my) brothers?”

And looking around at those seated in the circle he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers.

(For) whoever does the will of God is my brother and sister and mother.”

1 [1-5] Here Jesus is again depicted in conflict with his adversaries over the question of sabbath-day observance. His opponents were already ill disposed toward him because they regarded Jesus as a violator of the sabbath. Jesus’ question Is it lawful to do good on the sabbath rather than to do evil? places the matter in the broader theological context outside the casuistry of the scribes. The answer is obvious. Jesus heals the man with the withered hand in the sight of all and reduces his opponents to silence; cf ⇒ John 5:17-18.

2 [6] In reporting the plot of the Pharisees and Herodians to put Jesus to death after this series of conflicts in Galilee, Mark uses a pattern that recurs in his account of later controversies in Jerusalem (⇒ Mark 11:17-18; ⇒ 12:13-17). The help of the Herodians, supporters of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, is needed to take action against Jesus. Both series of conflicts point to their gravity and to the impending passion of Jesus.

3 [7-19] This overview of the Galilean ministry manifests the power of Jesus to draw people to himself through his teaching and deeds of power. The crowds of Jews from many regions surround Jesus (⇒ Mark 3:7-12). This phenomenon prepares the way for creating a new people of Israel. The choice and mission of the Twelve is the prelude (⇒ Mark 3:13-19).

4 [11-12] See the note on ⇒ Mark 1:24-25.

5 [13] He went up the mountain: here and elsewhere the mountain is associated with solemn moments and acts in the mission and self-revelation of Jesus (⇒ Mark 6:46; ⇒ 9:2-8; ⇒ 13:3). Jesus acts with authority as he summoned those whom he wanted and they came to him.

6 [14-15] He appointed twelve [whom he also named apostles] that they might be with him: literally “he made,” i.e., instituted them as apostles to extend his messianic mission through them (⇒ Mark 6:7-13). See the notes on ⇒ Matthew 10:1 and ⇒ 10:2-4.

7 [16] Simon, whom he named Peter: Mark indicates that Simon’s name was changed on this occasion. Peter is first in all lists of the apostles (⇒ Matthew 10:2; ⇒ Luke 6:14; ⇒ Acts 1:13; cf ⇒ 1 Cor 15:5-8).

8 [20-35] Within the narrative of the coming of Jesus’ relatives (⇒ Mark 3:20-21) is inserted the account of the unbelieving scribes from Jerusalem who attributed Jesus’ power over demons to Beelzebul (⇒ Mark 3:22-30); see the note on ⇒ Mark 5:21-43. There were those even among the relatives of Jesus who disbelieved and regarded Jesus as out of his mind (⇒ Mark 3:21). Against this background, Jesus is informed of the arrival of his mother and brothers [and sisters] (⇒ Mark 3:32). He responds by showing that not family ties but doing God’s will (35) is decisive in the kingdom; cf the note on ⇒ Matthew 12:46-50.

9 [20] He came home: cf ⇒ Mark 2:1-2 and see the note on ⇒ Mark 2:15.

10 [22] By Beelzebul: see the note on ⇒ Matthew 10:25. Two accusations are leveled against Jesus: (1) that he is possessed by an unclean spirit, and (2) by the prince of demons he drives out demons. Jesus answers the second charge by a parable (⇒ Mark 3:24-27) and responds to the first charge in ⇒ Mark 3:28-29.

11 [29] Whoever blasphemes against the holy Spirit: this sin is called an everlasting sin because it attributes to Satan, who is the power of evil, what is actually the work of the holy Spirit, namely, victory over the demons.

12 [32] Your brothers: see the note on ⇒ Mark 6:3.

[:ro]